In type 1 tympanoplasty, we made comparative analysis between fascia graft and cartilage graft regarding successful takeup rate and degree of hearing improvement in 258 ears(fascia graft : 125 ears, cartilage graft : 133 ears) that were operated by one surgeon from May, 1983 to December, 1991, retrospectively. The following results were obtained : 1) Successful take up rate in type 1 tympanoplasty was 90.3%(fascia graft : 90.4%, cartilage graft : 90.2%), and there was no difference between fascia graft group and cartilage graft group. 2) In postoperative hearing results, 90.4% of patients with fascia graft and 82.5% of patients with cartilage graft were improved to social serviceable hearing levels, and mean hearing improvements were 14.78 dB in fascia graft group and 16.33 dB in cartilage graft group. For the above results, there was no significant difference in successful take up rate and degree of hearing improvement between fascia graft group and cartilage graft group.