The role of the neck on the control of body posture and eye movement was investigated neurophysiologically in conscious, bilateral labyrinthectomized rabbits. Eye movements elicited by rolling(side-to-side rotation to longitudinal axis) and pitching(up-and-down rotation to transverse axis) by means of sinusoidal rotator were observed in the darkness. In rabbits with intact labyrinth, yawing(side-to-side rotation to vertical axis) and rolling of the whole body elicited compensatory eye movement ; the direction of eye movement was opposite to the direction of whole body rotation. However, pitching of the whole body showed irregular pattern of eye movement. Those kinds of eye movements by rotation of the whole body disappeared after bilateral labyrinthectomy. Stimulation of the neck by rotation of the body only with head fixed, elicited anticompensatory eye movement ; the direction of eye movement was the same as the direction of head rotation. In bilateral labyrinthectomized rabbits, compensatory eye movement was observed by sinusoidal rotation of the head only with body fixed or simusoidal rotation of the body only with head fixed. These results suggest that the neck has an important role in the control of eye movement and body posture in bilateral labyrinthectomized rabbits, although it is questionable in rabbits with intact labyrinth.