Vistamycin(VSM) which was developed by the research group of Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd. in 1970, is an aminoglycoside antibiotics like a Kanamycin with complex molecular structure. VSM is effective for the gram-positive and negative bacilli, and was confirmed by Baba(1972) that the effectivity of VSM for infections, in the otolaryngological fields. As we know that VSM has nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics similarly, but recently the authors also have carried some histopathological and experimental studies concerning the ototoxicity of VSM, and the following results were obtained. 1) The ototoxicity of VSM was distincitly existent, and the degree of the ototoxicity was proportion to the concentration of VSM. 2) The histopathological findings of the hair cell damage were similar to those of Kanamycin, but the ototoxicity of VSM was relatively low in comparision with Kanamycin. 3) The efficiency of VSM was evaluated in 31 patients with infection of ear, nose and throat, and 15 patients who underwent E.N.T. surgical intervention. 4) VSM was particularly effective in therapy of acute infection of tonsils, sinuses and ears, and in prevention of post-operative infection.