There are many hearing impairments and speech disorders but sufficient papers were not reported in Korea. So we studied the etiology, incidence, type, degree of 7,082 patients of hearing impairments and 991 speech disorders for the purpose of serving as a guide for early dignosis, treatment, prophylaxis, and also for further study of these patients such as medical insurance system, rehabilitation and special education methods. The following results were obtained ; 1) The etiology of the hearing impairments, in order of the frequency, were as follows : Aquired inflammation 62.2%, Congenital form 18.5%, Aquired trauma 6.2%, Metabolical form 4.4%, Others 8.7%. 2) The most common level of hearing impairment according to the etiology of hearing impairments, was found to be deaf in congenital form, moderate in inflammatory form, mild in trauma and metabolical form. 3) The occurence rate of accompaning otoneurologic symptoms was 11% in cases of hearing impairments. 4) The piture of drum in the hearing impairments, in order of the frequency, were as follows : (1) Normal drum 32.5%, (2) Central perforation 31.5%, (3) Total perforation 16.5%, (4) Marginal perforation 2.1%, (5) Attic perforation 2.1%, (6) Others 15.3%. 5) The relationship between the average of the puretone losses at three speech frequencies and artilation PB score, showed a consistent estimate in the conductive hearing loss but not definite linear in the sensorineural hearing loss, and the more the degree of hearing loss, the more poor artilation PB score was observed in the sensorineural hearing loss. 6) Speech disorders were, in order of the frequency, classified as follows : Delayed speech 35.5%, Hearing impairment 26.8%, Artilation disorder 11.3%, Cleft palate 7.4%, Stuttering 5.3%, Cerebral palsy 4.9%, Aphasia 4.8%, Voice disorder 4.0%. 7) The incidence rate of speech disorders was found to be 100% in the cases of the birth weight less than 1.5kg. 8) The cerebral palsy and delayed speech groups showed abnormal physical growth and development. 9) The condition of mother's health in the period of gestation was poor in 22.3% of speech disorders. 10) In the speech disorders, the most common disease, suffered in the past, was the jaundice relating disease in the infancy period, and measles in the childhood. 11) The site of organic defects observed in hearing imapirments, in order of frequency, was found to be tongue, lip, soft palate and hard palate.