<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.0 20120330//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="ko" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">KJORL</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2092-5859</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2092-6529</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3342/kjorl-hns.2023.00899</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">kjorl-hns-2023-00899</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group>
<subject>Case Report</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>4세 소아에서 발생한 후두 Nuclear Protein in Testis Midline Carcinoma 1예</article-title>
<trans-title-group>
<trans-title xml:lang="en">A Case Report of 4-Years Old Patient With Nuclear Protein in Testis Midline Carcinoma of Larynx</trans-title>
</trans-title-group>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0009-0001-2695-2769</contrib-id>
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Min Seok</given-names></name>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ko"><surname>김</surname><given-names>민석</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-kjorl-hns-2023-00899"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-1140</contrib-id>
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Woo</surname><given-names>Seung Hoon</given-names></name>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ko"><surname>우</surname><given-names>승훈</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-kjorl-hns-2023-00899"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-kjorl-hns-2023-00899"/>
</contrib>
<aff-alternatives id="af1-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<aff xml:lang="en">Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff xml:lang="ko">단국대학교 의과대학 이비인후-두경부외과학교실</aff>
</aff-alternatives>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">Address for correspondence Seung Hoon Woo, MD, PhD Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, 201 Manghyang-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Korea Tel +82-41-550-1781 Fax +82-41-550-7837 E-mail <email>lesaby@hanmail.net</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>21</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year></pub-date>
<volume>66</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<fpage>910</fpage>
<lpage>914</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>1</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>10</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>16</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2023</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2023 Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
<license>
<license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions>
<trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nuclear protein in testis midline carcinoma (NMC) is an extremely aggressive subtype of squamous cell carcinoma characterized by chromosomal rearrangements of the nuclear protein in testis (NUT) gene. NMC predominantly arises in the anatomical midline locations of the body, with a high occurrence in the thoracic, head and neck regions. However, NMC remains a rarely reported disease, making its inclusion in the initial differential diagnosis challenging. This case involves a 4-year-old boy who presented with a neck mass initially diagnosed as a poorly differentiated carcinoma originating from the larynx with the cervical Lymph node metastasis. However, further tests confirmed the diagnosis of NUT midline carcinoma. This case highlights the importance of conducting NUT immunohistochemistry in cases of squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma occurring in the head and neck, as it can provide meaningful insights for diagnosis and treatment decisions.</p></trans-abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<kwd>Head and neck cancer</kwd>
<kwd>Larynx</kwd>
<kwd>NUT midline carcinoma</kwd>
<kwd>Squamous cell carcinoma</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta></front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>서 론</title>
<p>Nuclear protein in testis midline carcinoma (NMC)는 편평세포암의 매우 공격적인 한 아종으로, nuclear protein in testis (NUT) 유전자의 염색체 재배열을 특징으로 한다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b1-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">1</xref>&#x0005d;. 대부분의 경우에서 bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4)-NUT fusion oncogene 형태의 재배열을 보이며, BRD3, nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 3 (NSD3) 등의 유전자 변이도 가능한 것으로 알려져 있다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">2</xref>&#x0005d;. 일반적인 편평세포암종의 복잡한 핵형과는 대조적으로 NMC는 t(15;19) 재배열으로 대표되는 간단한 핵형을 보인다. Midline이라는 용어는 NMC가 주로 몸 중앙의 해부학적 부위에서 발생하기 때문에 사용되었으며, 흉부(51%), 두경부(41%), 골부 및 연조직(6%)에서 발생한다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b1-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b3-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">3</xref>&#x0005d;. 진단은 간단하게는 NUT protein에 대한 핵 면역반응을 관찰하는 것이며, 종양 유전자를 특정하기 위한 추가적인 연구들이 권장되지만 필수적인 것은 아니다. 예후는 좋지 않아 평균 생존기간은 6.7개월로 보고되었으며, 초기의 항암방사선 복합요법에는 반응이 있으나 대부분의 경우에서 재발하며 이후의 치료에는 반응이 좋지 않은 것으로 알려져 있다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b3-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">3</xref>&#x0005d;.</p>
<p>아직까지 NMC는 드물게 보고되고 있으며 특히 후두에 발생한 NMC는 지금까지 8예가 보고되었다. 본 저자들은 첫 수술 후 경부 단순 농양으로 진단되었으나 두 번째 수술에서 후두 편평세포암종 경부전이로 확인되었고, 추가로 시행한 검사상 NMC로 진단된 증례를 보고하고자 한다.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>증 례</title>
<p>특이 과거력이 없는 4세 남환이 내원 4일 전부터 만져진 좌측 악하부의 종창을 주소로 내원하였다. 외래에서 시행한 신체검진상 좌측 악하부에 딱딱하게 만져지는 종물이 촉진되었고 발진이 동반되었으며 발열은 없었다. 구강 시진 상에서 특이 사항은 발견되지 않았으며 후두는 환아의 협조가 어려워 검사하지 못하였다. 말초혈액검사상 백혈구 수치는 15310개/mm<sup>3</sup>, C-반응성 단백 수치는 1.25 mg/dL였다. 전산화단층촬영검사(CT)에서 좌측 경부(Level III)에 3.0&#x000d7;2.8&#x000d7;2.3 cm의 조영 증강이 잘 되지 않는 부분을 동반한, 전반적으로 조영 증강이 잘 되는 다발성 격벽을 가진 종물이 관찰되었으며 이외에 양측 경부에 다발성의 임파선 비대가 관찰되었다(<xref rid="f1-kjorl-hns-2023-00899" ref-type="fig">Fig. 1</xref>). 이에 임파선 농양으로 진단하고 수술 시행하였고 다량의 농이 배액되었다. 조직 검사 결과상 염증을 동반한 농양으로 진단되었다.</p>
<p>퇴원 이후 경과 관찰하던 중 수술 1개월 뒤부터 우측 경부 종물의 크기 증가를 보여 다시 전산화단층촬영 검사를 시행하였으며, 이전의 촬영과 비교하였을 때 우측에 있던 임파선들의 크기가 증가하였고 대부분 부분 괴사를 동반하였다. 이와 함께 이전에는 보이지 않던 후두의 종물이 CT에서 관찰되었으며(<xref rid="f2-kjorl-hns-2023-00899" ref-type="fig">Fig. 2</xref>), 후두내시경상 좌측 후두 상부에 둥근 모양의 종물이 확인되었다(<xref rid="f3-kjorl-hns-2023-00899" ref-type="fig">Fig. 3</xref>). 후두 종물의 진단을 위해 후두미세수술 조직검사 및 우측 경부 임파선 절제술을 시행하였으며 후두에서는 분화가 안 좋은 편평상피세포암(squamous cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated), 경부 임파선에서는 전이성 편평상피세포암 소견을 보였다. 면역조직화학검사 결과 P40과 P16에 양성, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)에 음성 반응을 보였다(<xref rid="f4-kjorl-hns-2023-00899" ref-type="fig">Fig. 4</xref>). 수술 후 MRI와 PET 검사를 시행하였으며 후두 및 양측 경부림프절에 hot uptake가 관찰되나 원격 전이를 시사하는 소견은 관찰되지 않았다. 병리과에서 추가로 NUT midline carcinoma에 대한 분자병리 검사를 진행하였고 NUT positive로 NUT midline carcinoma로 진단되었다(<xref rid="f5-kjorl-hns-2023-00899" ref-type="fig">Fig. 5</xref>). 이후 항암방사선 치료는 타병원으로 전원하여 진행하였으며 16개월 뒤 사망하였다.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>고 찰</title>
<p>상부 호흡-소화기 상피에서 발생하는 대부분의 암종은 편평상피암종으로, conventional type이나 variant type 모두에서 흡연이나 음주가 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 바이러스들도 이러한 악성종양의 발생에 역할을 하는데 인간유두종바이러스(human papillomavirus, HPV)와 엡스타인-바 바이러스(EBV)가 이에 포함된다. 그러나 본 증례의 환자는 소아로 이러한 위험요인들과는 관계가 없었다. 또한 발병 연령 또한 4세로 일반적인 후두암의 발병 연령의 범위에서 벗어나 있다. 처음에는 NMC가 소아 또는 젊은 성인에서 발생하는 것으로 주로 보고되었으나, 최근에는 NMC의 발생은 성별에 상관없이 신생아부터 80대까지 고르게 발생되는 것으로 알려져 있다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b4-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">4</xref>&#x0005d;. 두경부 영역의 poorly differentiated 혹은 undifferentiated carcinoma로 환자들의 임상병리학적 특성 및 NUT expression을 분석한 연구에서, 총 362명 중 4명(1.1%)이 NUT-specific monoclonal antibody에서 strong nuclear expression을 보였으며, 이는 모두 부비동에서 발생한 종양이었다. 4명 중 1명이 젊은 남성(29세)이었으며 나머지는 50-60대로 확인되었다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">5</xref>&#x0005d;.</p>
<p>후두에 발생한 NMC는 극히 드물어 현재까지 발표된 것은 8예이며, 본 논문의 증례 1건을 추가하여 이들의 임상병리학적 특성을 정리하였다(<xref rid="t1-kjorl-hns-2023-00899" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>) &#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b4-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">9</xref>&#x0005d;. 9명 중 남성이 5명, 여성이 4명이며 평균 진단 연령은 29.4세이다. 발병 위치는 supraglottis가 5명으로 가장 많았다. 대부분의 증례에서 수술을 시행하였으나 본 증례에서는 보호자와 치료 방법에 대한 상담 후 수술은 시행하지 않기로 결정하였다.</p>
<p>두경부종양에서 NMC는 매우 드물게 발생하지만 상부 소화-호흡기계나 부비동의 poorly differentiated 혹은 undifferentiated carcinoma로 좁힌다면 무시할 수 없는 수준의 유병률을 보이므로, 의심이 되는 경우에는 NUT에 대한 immunohistochemistry (NUT IHC)를 시행하는 것이 바람직할 것이다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">5</xref>&#x0005d;. 최근에는 모든 poorly differentiated non-cutaneous carcinomas에서 squamous differentiation의 유무에 상관 없이 NMC의 가능성을 배제하기 위하여 NUT IHC를 시행하는 것을 권고하기도 한다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b10-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">10</xref>&#x0005d;. 또한 나이와 흡연유무는 NMC의 가능성을 배제하는데 사용되어서는 안되며, glandular differentiation을 보이는 종양과 HPV와 EBV와 같은 viral etiology는 NMC와 관련이 없으므로 배제 진단에 이용할 수 있다는 연구결과도 있다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b10-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">10</xref>&#x0005d;.</p>
<p>NMC의 진단은 핵형 분석을 통해 t(15;19) 재배열을 보여주는 것으로 충분하지만, NUT 및 BRD4 유전자에 대한 fluorescence in situ hybridization 검사도 개발되어 있다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">11</xref>&#x0005d;. 최근 연구에서 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 진단 검사를 개발하기 위해 NUT에 대한 단일 항체를 생산했고, 이것이 IHC에 의해 NUT 발현을 감지하는 것을 확인하였다. 대조 조직을 포함한 연구에서 NUT 단일 항체는 NMC의 진단에 있어 100%의 특이도와 87%의 민감도를 가지는 것으로 확인되었다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b12-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">12</xref>&#x0005d;.</p>
<p>NMC의 치료에 있어, 아직까지 표준 치료법에 대한 consensus는 없으며 항암화학요법, 방사선요법, 수술을 포함하는 다중 접근법이 임상적으로 사용되고 있다. 수술이 가능한 상황이라면 수술을 시행하는 것이 예후에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는데, 40명의 두경부 NMC 환자군을 포함한 연구에서 2년 생존율은 30%였으며, 초기에 근치적 절제술을 시행하고 보조 항암방사선요법을 시행 받은 3명이 각각 35, 72, 78개월 생존함으로서 장기 생존자가 되었다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b13-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">13</xref>&#x0005d;. Cisplatin, taxanes, alkylating agent를 이용한 항암방사선 복합요법이 처음에는 반응이 있으나 대부분의 경우에서 재발하며 그 이후의 치료에는 반응이 좋지 않은 것으로 알려져 있다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b14-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b15-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">15</xref>&#x0005d;. 최근 uniform 한 유전적 변이를 바탕으로 한 targeted therapy가 소개되고 있다. BRD-NUT fusion protein sequence는 편평세포로의 분화를 막는 것으로 알려져 있고, 이에 따라 BRD-NUT를 억제하면 편평세포 분화가 유도되며, 결국 종양 세포들은 성장을 멈추고 휴면 상태의 편평세포로 분화되게 된다. 이러한 발견이 새로운 치료의 가능성을 열었고 bromodomain and extraterminalmotif inhibitor와 histone deacetylase inhibitors가 현재 이용되고 있다&#x0005b;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b5-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">5</xref>&#x0005d;.</p>
<p>본 증례는 4세 소아에서 NMC가 후두에 발생하여 경부 림프절 전이가 된 이후 발견된 드문 증례이다. NMC의 낮은 유병률 및 비특이적인 임상양상을 고려해 보았을 때, 감별진단으로 NMC를 생각하는 것과 일반적으로 시행하는 병리조직학적 검사 결과를 통해서 NMC를 진단하는 것은 어려운 일이다. 본 증례를 통해서 후두 및 두경부에 발생하는 편평세포암종 및 미분화암종의 경우에 NUT 면역조직화학검사를 시행하는 것이 의미가 있음을 알 수 있다.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<ack><p>None</p></ack>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="participating-researchers"><p><bold>Author contributions</bold></p>
<p>Writing&#x02014;original draft: Min Seok Kim. Writing&#x02014;review &amp; editing: Seung Hoon Woo.</p></fn>
</fn-group>
<ref-list>
<title>REFERENCES</title>
<ref id="b1-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>1</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>French</surname><given-names>CA</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The importance of diagnosing NUT midline carcinoma</article-title>
<source>Head Neck Pathol</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>11</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b2-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>2</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Chau</surname><given-names>NG</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Ma</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Danga</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Al-Sayegh</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Nardi</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Barrette</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name>
<etal/>
</person-group>
<article-title>An anatomical site and genetic-based prognostic model for patients with nuclear protein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma: Analysis of 124 patients</article-title>
<source>JNCI Cancer Spectr</source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>pkz094</fpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b3-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>3</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>French</surname><given-names>CA</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Demystified molecular pathology of NUT midline carcinomas</article-title>
<source>J Clin Pathol</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>492</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b4-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>4</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Stelow</surname><given-names>EB</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Bellizzi</surname><given-names>AM</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Taneja</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Mills</surname><given-names>SE</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Legallo</surname><given-names>RD</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Kutok</surname><given-names>JL</given-names></name>
<etal/>
</person-group>
<article-title>NUT rearrangement in undifferentiated carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract</article-title>
<source>Am J Surg Pathol</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>828</fpage>
<lpage>34</lpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b5-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>5</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Baek</surname><given-names>CH</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Son</surname><given-names>YI</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Jeong</surname><given-names>HS</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Chung</surname><given-names>MK</given-names></name>
<etal/>
</person-group>
<article-title>Prevalence of NUT carcinoma in head and neck: Analysis of 362 cases with literature review</article-title>
<source>Head Neck</source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>924</fpage>
<lpage>38</lpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b6-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>6</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Vargas</surname><given-names>SO</given-names></name>
<name><surname>French</surname><given-names>CA</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Faul</surname><given-names>PN</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Fletcher</surname><given-names>JA</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Davis</surname><given-names>IJ</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Dal Cin</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name>
<etal/>
</person-group>
<article-title>Upper respiratory tract carcinoma with chromosomal translocation 15;19: Evidence for a distinct disease entity of young patients with a rapidly fatal course</article-title>
<source>Cancer</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>1195</fpage>
<lpage>203</lpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b7-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>7</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Kundra</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Andrei</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Westra</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Chaudhry</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Moussouris</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Gohari</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>
<etal/>
</person-group>
<article-title>Nuclear protein in testis midline carcinoma of larynx: An underdiagnosed entity</article-title>
<source>Head Neck</source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>E2471</fpage>
<lpage>4</lpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b8-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>8</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Hellquist</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name>
<name><surname>French</surname><given-names>CA</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Bishop</surname><given-names>JA</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Coca-Pelaz</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Propst</surname><given-names>EJ</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Paiva Correia</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>
<etal/>
</person-group>
<article-title>NUT midline carcinoma of the larynx: An international series and review of the literature</article-title>
<source>Histopathology</source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>861</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b9-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>9</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>MH</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Luo</surname><given-names>SP</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>CB</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>ZH</given-names></name>
<etal/>
</person-group>
<article-title>Successful treatment of a case with NUT midline carcinoma in the larynx and review of the literature</article-title>
<source>Clin Case Rep</source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>176</fpage>
<lpage>81</lpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b10-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>10</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>French</surname><given-names>CA</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>NUT carcinoma: Clinicopathologic features, pathogenesis, and treatment</article-title>
<source>Pathol Int</source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>583</fpage>
<lpage>95</lpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b11-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>11</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>French</surname><given-names>CA</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Miyoshi</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Kubonishi</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Grier</surname><given-names>HE</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Perez-Atayde</surname><given-names>AR</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Fletcher</surname><given-names>JA</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>BRD4-NUT fusion oncogene: A novel mechanism in aggressive carcinoma</article-title>
<source>Cancer Res</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>304</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b12-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>12</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Haack</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Johnson</surname><given-names>LA</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Fry</surname><given-names>CJ</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Crosby</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Polakiewicz</surname><given-names>RD</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Stelow</surname><given-names>EB</given-names></name>
<etal/>
</person-group>
<article-title>Diagnosis of NUT midline carcinoma using a NUT-specific monoclonal antibody</article-title>
<source>Am J Surg Pathol</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>984</fpage>
<lpage>91</lpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b13-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>13</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Chau</surname><given-names>NG</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Hurwitz</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Mitchell</surname><given-names>CM</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Aserlind</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Grunfeld</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Kaplan</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name>
<etal/>
</person-group>
<article-title>Intensive treatment and survival outcomes in NUT midline carcinoma of the head and neck</article-title>
<source>Cancer</source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<issue>23</issue>
<fpage>3632</fpage>
<lpage>40</lpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b14-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>14</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Napolitano</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Venturelli</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Molinaro</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Toss</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>NUT midline carcinoma of the head and neck: Current perspectives</article-title>
<source>Onco Targets Ther</source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>3235</fpage>
<lpage>44</lpage>
</element-citation></ref>
<ref id="b15-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">
<label>15</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<collab>PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board</collab>
</person-group>
<source>Childhood midline tract carcinoma involving the NUT gene (NUT midline carcinoma) treatment (PDQ<sup>&#x000ae;</sup>): Health professional version</source>
<publisher-loc>Bethesda, MD</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>National Cancer Institute (US)</publisher-name>
<year>2002</year>
</element-citation></ref></ref-list>
<sec sec-type="display-objects">
<title>Figures and Table</title>
<fig id="f1-kjorl-hns-2023-00899" position="float">
<label>Fig. 1.</label><caption><p>Initial neck CT image of patient. A 3.0&#x000d7;2.8&#x000d7;2.3 cm lobulated multiseptated enhancing lesion with internal multiple non-enhancing portions and perinodal fatty infiltration in left neck level III, and several enhancing lymph nodes in both jugular chains.</p></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="kjorl-hns-2023-00899f1.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f2-kjorl-hns-2023-00899" position="float">
<label>Fig. 2.</label><caption><p>2nd neck CT image of patient, taken 2 month after initial exam. A: Markedly increased size of necrotic portions in enlarged conglomerated lymph nodes in right neck level II–IV. B and C: Severe swelling of bilateral aryepiglottic folds (B) and mass in left supraglottis (C, arrow) was observed.</p></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="kjorl-hns-2023-00899f2.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f3-kjorl-hns-2023-00899" position="float">
<label>Fig. 3.</label><caption><p>Laryngoscope image of patient. A rounded mass was observed in the left supraglottis.</p></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="kjorl-hns-2023-00899f3.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f4-kjorl-hns-2023-00899" position="float">
<label>Fig. 4.</label><caption><p>The result of immunohistochemical staining showed positive reactions for P40 and P16, and negative for Epstein-Barr virus (A: hematoxylin and eosin stain, &#x000d7;200; B: P16 stain, &#x000d7;200; C: P40 stain, &#x000d7;200).</p></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="kjorl-hns-2023-00899f4.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f5-kjorl-hns-2023-00899" position="float">
<label>Fig. 5.</label><caption><p>Nuclear protein in testis immunohistochemical staining of the specimen. Diffusely positive tumor nuclei with a speckled pattern.</p></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="kjorl-hns-2023-00899f5.tif"/></fig>
<table-wrap id="t1-kjorl-hns-2023-00899" position="float">
<label>Table 1.</label>
<caption><p>Clinicopathological characteristics of laryngeal NMC patients</p></caption>
<table rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<thead><tr>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Number of cases</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Study</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Year</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Age</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Sex</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Location</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Initial diagnosis</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Treatment</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Died of disease (months)</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center">1</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Vargas, et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">6</xref>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">2001</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">13</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">F</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Epiglottis</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">PDC</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">CRT + surgery (radical neck dissection)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center">2</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Stelow, et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b4-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">4</xref>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">2008</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">78</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">F</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Supraglottis</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">UC</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">CRT + surgery (laryngectomy + neck dissection)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center">3</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Kundra, et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b7-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">7</xref>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">2016</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">39</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">M</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Supraglottis</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">HGMN</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">NA</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">NA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center">4</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Hellquist, et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b8-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">8</xref>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">2012</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">F</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Base of tongue</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">NUT midline carcinoma</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">CRT + surgery (tracheotomy + bilateral neck dissections + total laryngectomy for recurrence)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">2014</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">41</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">M</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Supraglottis</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Invasive basaloid SCC</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">CRT + surgery (partial laryngectomy + neck dissection)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center">6</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">2016</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">17</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">M</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Supraglottis</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">NUT midline carcinoma</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Surgery (transoral CO2 laser microsurgical resection + neck dissections)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">AWD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center">7</td>
<td valign="top" align="left"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">2015</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">47</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">M</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Base of tongue</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">PDC</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Palliative chemotherapy</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center">8</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Zhang, et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9-kjorl-hns-2023-00899">9</xref>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">2016</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">20</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">F</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Left vocal cord</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">NUT midline carcinoma</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">IMRT + TCM surgery (transoral CO2 laser microsurgical resection)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">&#x0FF1E;26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center">9</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">This study</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">2019</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">5</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">M</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Supraglottis</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">PDC</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">CRT</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>NMC, nuclear protein in testis midline carcinoma; PDC, poorly differentiated carcinoma; UC, undifferentiated carcinoma; HGMN, high-grade malignant neoplasm; NA, not available; NUT, nuclear protein in testis; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; AWD, Alive with disease; CRT, chemoradiotherapy; IMRT, intensity modulated radiation therapy; TCM, transoral CO2 laser microsurgery</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
</back></article>